![]() ![]() To take a comparison from cinema, although their influence is overwhelming, the commercial productions of Hollywood have not been categorically relegated to a genre called "movies" nor can they claim to represent once and for all "American cinema" in its entirety. Literature, fine and contemporary art or cinema are all considered at once as universal art forms. The world currently has three major markets of graphic novels, Japan, the United States and France, represented respectively by three distinct "genres", " manga, "comics" and " BD" (" bande dessinée").īased upon geographic origins and marketing criteria, this categorization can be partly explained by historical reasons (until the mid-1980s, the three markets were virtually separate with almost no cross-fertilization) but, to my knowledge, is not operative in any other artistic medium. ![]()
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